3.1 – ORGANISATION OF EUKARYOTIC GENOME
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The nuclear genomes of eukaryotes differ greatly in size, number of genes and gene density from one another. The number of chromosomes differs between species and, in addition, certain organelles in eukaryotes possess small amounts of their own DNA. Eukaryotic genomes generally have a higher proportion of non-coding DNA to coding DNA. In addition to a large, circular chromosome, bacteria also have several plasmids. Even though bacteria reproduce asexually, they exhibit a great deal of genetic diversity through mutation and genetic transfer. In contrast to eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes, the viral genome varies according to the type of virus: the genome may be DNA or RNA in nature and single- or double-stranded. For RNA viruses, they may possess either positive-sense RNA (i.e. identical to viral mRNA and thus can be immediately translated) or negative-sense RNA (i.e. complementary to viral mRNA and thus must be converted to positive-sense RNA by RNA polymerase before translation).
Learning Outcomes
Candidates should be able to:
2(d) Describe the structure and organisation of viral, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes (including DNA/RNA, single-/double-stranded, number of nucleotides, packing of DNA, linearity/circularity and presence/absence of introns)
2(h) Describe the structure and function of non-coding DNA in eukaryotes (i.e. portions that do not encode protein or RNA, including introns, centromeres telomeres, promoters, enhancers and silencers) (knowledge of transposons, satellite DNA, pseudo-genes and duplication of segments is not required).
Lecture Outline
- Introduction
- The Eukaryotic Genome Concept
2.1 The Eukaryotic Genome
2.2 The Complexity of the Eukaryotic Genome
- Overview of DNA in the Eukaryotic Genome
3.1 Packing of DNA in Eukaryotic Chromosomes
- Organisation of Eukaryotic Genome
4.1 Organisation of a Eukaryotic Gene
CONCEPT CHECK 1
4.2 Organisation of the Eukaryotic Intergenic DNA
5 Structures and Functions of the Centromeres and Telomeres
5.1 Telomere
5.2 Centromere
CONCEPT CHECK 2
Requirements
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What is the target audience?
- This course is intended for anyone interested in learning to master his or her own body.
- This course is aimed at beginners, so no previous experience with hand balancing skillts is necessary
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CURRICULUM
Section 1: Introduction to Handstands
Section 2: Reference Material, Moodboards and Mind Mapping
Wrist Strengthening
While your wrists will certain get stronger from practice and grow accustomed to the stress of the skill, a basic amount of wrist strengthening exercises for several weeks can only help things. I’d recommend working wrist curls and reverse wrist curls for around 6-10 reps for 3 sets. I also strongly recommend trying some sledgehammer levering. Work in 2-3 sets of 3-5 reps. In particular, exercises 1 and 3 are fantastic for building wrist strength and they are much harder than they look! Start with them to get the hang of sledgehammer work before you progress to the other two exercises. I don’t want somebody putting a hole through their floor or their face because they rushed things!Section 3: Sketching out Ideas
- The main objective to the sketching process is to generate super rough thumbnail sketches of what we feel best visually communicates the highlighted words from our mind maps.
- Take as much time as you need for this step — this might be 10 minutes or it might be 10 days.
- Personally, I like to work quickly and try not to analyze or elaborate too much.
- Now, that doesn't mean you should only create a handful of sketches.
- Even though this step only took a couple of hours, I was still able to put over 100 thumbnails on paper.
- The whole point of this process is to flush out the bad ideas and narrow down the good ones until we find that one layout that really speaks to us.
- Also, keep in mind the project brief and have your list in front of you as a reference to avoid getting sidetracked.
- Remember—detail is not needed. Simply flush out the bad ideas and find a great direction.
- Once I feel I have a good direction with the sketches, I'm now ready to take a quick photo with my phone and import it into Illustrator.
Section 4: Conclusions and Evaluation
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