COURSE DESCRIPTION

In prokaryotes, operons, like the trp and lac operons regulate gene expression using repressible and inducible systems. Regulatory genes encode proteins that control transcription of structural genes. In eukaryotes, regulation of gene expression can occur at the chromatin level, transcriptional level, post-transcriptional level, translational level and/or even post-translational level. Basic molecular techniques allow scientists to study gen expression.

Learning Outcome

Candidates should be able to:

2(k) Describe the principles and procedures of these molecular techniques:

1. polymerase Chain reaction (including its advantages and limitations)
2. gel electrophoresis

iii. Southern blotting and nucleic acid hybridisation

Use the knowledge gained in this section in new situations or to solve related problems.

Lecture Outline

1. Introduction to Molecular Techniques

2. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

2.1 Components of PCR

2.2 PCR Cycle

2.3 Practical Applications of PCR

2.4 Advantages & Limitations of PCR

3. Gel Electrophoresis

3.1 Principles of DNA Gel Electrophoresis

3.2 Practical Applications of DNA Gel Electrophoresis

3.3 Practical Steps of DNA Gel Electrophoresis

4. Nucleic Acid Hybridisation

4.1 Principles of Nucleic Acid Hybridisation

4.2 Practical Applications of Nucleic Acid Hybridisation

4.3 Techniques utilizing Principles of Nucleic Acid Hỵbridisation

4.3.1 Principles of Southern Blotting

4.3.2 Practical Steps of Southern Blotting